Improved in vitro wound healing in response to a superoxidised solution.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed wound healing in response to a superoxidised solution using an in vitro wound healing model. METHOD: Prewounded reconstructed full-thickness human skin models were treated with 10µl of either superoxidised solution (Hydrocyn aqua, Bactiguard South East Asia Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia) or Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) and incubated at 37°C for up to seven days, with additional treatments added every 48 hours. On days 0, 1, 2, 5 and 7, triplicate samples were taken for specific immunostaining against cytokeratin 14 and vimentin. At each timepoint, horizontal and vertical wound diameters were measured to demonstrate wound closure. Maintenance media was taken at the same timepoints for the measurement of secreted proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ. RESULTS: At day 1, the superoxidised solution induced significantly lower diameter measurements compared with baseline data at day 0. Both treatment groups demonstrated significantly lower diameter measurements by day 2 when compared with the baseline; however, the average wound size of samples treated with the superoxidised solution was significantly lower when compared to the DPBS-treated group (p<0.05). No significant difference in expression of any proinflammatory was identified at any timepoint. CONCLUSION: Application of the superoxidised solution resulted in significantly improved wound closure over the first 48 hours in comparison to DPBS-treatment. Furthermore, application of the superoxidised solution did not induce significant proinflammatory effects, despite the significantly reduced wound diameter.

Fungicidal effectiveness of super-oxidized solution in vitro: potential implications for wound care.

INTRODUCTION: Drug-resistant fungal infections in chronic wounds represent a major clinical challenge to clinicians. Fungal infections delay wound healing by prolonging inflammation and encouraging biofilm formation, which protects microbes against host defenses and anti-infective medications. As such, interventions that prevent and control nosocomial fungal infections without interfering with the wound healing process are increasingly required. Although conventional antiseptics can effectively exert fungicidal effects, they also have adverse effects on human cells. SOS is a well-known bactericidal agent that enhances the wound healing process, especially for chronic wounds. However, few studies have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of SOS on fungi. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SOS exerts fungicidal activities against common fungal species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The efficacy of SOS was tested against 6 fungal species (Candida albicans, Candida auris, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Sporothrix schenckii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) using an in vitro time-kill assay. RESULTS: SOS achieved 99.9999% reduction of all tested fungi within 1 minute of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that SOS may be an effective tool for the prevention and control of fungal infections.

Pineapple wastewater as co-substrate in treating real alkaline, non-biodegradable textile wastewater using biogranulation technology.

This study was to develop biogranules using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and to evaluate the effect of pineapple wastewater (PW) as a co-substrate for treating real textile wastewater (RTW). The biogranular system cycle was 24 h (2 stages of phase), with an anaerobic phase (17.8 h) followed by an aerobic phase (5.8 h) for every stage of the phase. The concentration of pineapple wastewater was the main factor studied in influencing COD and color removal efficiency. Pineapple wastewater with different concentrations (7, 5, 4, 3, and 0% v/v) makes a total volume of 3 L and causes the OLRs to vary from 2.90 to 0.23 kg COD/m3day. The system achieved 55% of average color removal and 88% of average COD removal at 7%v/v PW concentration during treatment. With the addition of PW, the removal increased significantly. The experiment on the treatment of RTW without any added nutrients proved the importance of co-substrate in dye degradation.